The Truth About January 1990: Role of Farooq Abdullah

The role of Farooq Abdullah in the Kashmiri Pandit Exodus represents one of the most significant failures of political leadership in independent India’s history. As Chief Minister of Jammu and Kashmir from November 7, 1986, to January 18, 1990, Abdullah presided over a critical period when the seeds of militancy were sown, nurtured, and allowed to flourish unchecked. His tenure was characterised by a cascade of disastrous political and administrative decisions, including the rigging of the 1987 elections, which delegitimised democratic processes. In this article, we will discuss the role of Farooq Abdullah in the Kashmiri Pandit Exodus.

In early 1990, the Kashmir Valley witnessed one of the darkest chapters in Indian history. Between 100,000 and 150,000 Kashmiri Pandits were forced to flee their ancestral homeland in just three months. This wasn’t migration, it was ethnic cleansing.

While terrorists executed the violence, political leader Farooq Abdullah abandoned his people at their most vulnerable moment. His cowardice and calculated political games made the genocide possible.

Who Failed the Kashmiri Pandits in 1990?

Farooq Abdullah was Chief Minister of Jammu and Kashmir from 1986 to January 19, 1990. When terrorists threatened his citizens, he chose to save his political career instead of protecting innocent lives.

His decision to resign and flee to London while Kashmir burned remains an unforgivable act of betrayal.

The Setup: How Abdullah’s Government Failed

The Rigged 1987 Elections

In 1987, Farooq Abdullah’s National Conference party rigged state elections. They manipulated votes to stay in power, forming a corrupt alliance with Congress.

This electoral fraud destroyed democracy:

• Young Kashmiris lost faith in the system
• Opposition Muslim United Front supporters felt cheated
• Some turned to militancy out of frustration
• Democratic institutions collapsed

Abdullah’s hunger for power at any cost planted the seeds of the insurgency. He cared more about his position than honest governance.

Government Weakness Invited Terror

Between 1987 and 1989, Abdullah’s government showed complete incompetence:

• Couldn’t stop rising militancy
• Failed to protect government officials
• Allowed terrorists to grow stronger
• Showed no will to enforce law and order

Terrorists saw this weakness. They knew Abdullah’s government wouldn’t fight back. The stage was set for disaster.

December 1989: When Everything Collapsed

The Rubaiya Sayeed Surrender

In December 1989, terrorists kidnapped Rubaiya Sayeed, the daughter of Union Home Minister Mufti Mohammad Sayeed. The JKLF terrorists demanded the release of five captured militants.

What did India’s government do? They surrendered completely.

The Central Government released five dangerous terrorists to save one person. This catastrophic decision sent a clear message: terrorism works.

Abdullah’s Role in This Disaster

Abdullah later claimed he opposed the deal. He said it was “the last nail in the coffin.”

But where was his protest at the time? Why didn’t he fight harder? Why didn’t he resign in protest against this surrender?

Instead, he stayed silent when it mattered. He only spoke up years later when trying to save his reputation.

The Result: Emboldened Terrorists

After the prisoner’s release, terrorists celebrated openly:

• Huge crowds cheered in the Kashmir streets
• Pro-Pakistan slogans were shouted freely
• Terrorists gained massive public support
• The government looked powerless and defeated

Abdullah’s government had lost all authority. Terrorists knew they could do anything without consequences.

January 18, 1990: The Day Abdullah Abandoned Kashmir

On January 18, 1990, Farooq Abdullah resigned as Chief Minister. His reason? He didn’t like that the Central Government appointed Jagmohan as Governor.

Think about this timing:

• Terrorists were at peak strength
• Kashmiri Pandits were being openly threatened
• Violence was escalating daily
• The state needed strong leadership

And what did Abdullah do? He quit like a coward.

He put his personal political rivalry above the lives of innocent citizens. He chose his ego over his duty.

The Betrayal Was Calculated

Abdullah knew precisely what would happen if he resigned:

• The government would collapse
• Security forces would lose direction
• Terrorists would have free rein
• Vulnerable communities would be defenceless

He knew all this, and he quit anyway.

Critics rightly call this “rank cowardice”. He abandoned his constitutional duty. He betrayed every citizen who trusted him for protection.

He Fled to London While Kashmir Burned

The most shameful part? After resigning, Abdullah fled to London, while Kashmiri Pandit families were being terrorised in their homes, their Chief Minister was enjoying a vacation in London.

This wasn’t leadership. This was desertion.

January 19-20, 1990: The Night of Terror

Total Government Collapse

When Abdullah quit, the entire state administration fell apart:

• Police had no orders or leadership
• Officials fled from Srinagar
• Security forces were paralysed
• Nobody was protecting civilians

Abdullah’s own ministers ran away. Some went to Jammu. Others went into hiding. Many allegedly made deals with terrorists.

The government, which was supposed to protect its people, had completely abandoned them.

Terrorists Seized Control

On the night of January 19-20, 1990, terrorists launched their final assault on the Kashmiri Pandit community.

Loudspeakers blared threats throughout the Valley:

• “Leave Kashmir or die.”
• “Kashmir belongs to Muslims only.”
• “Convert, flee, or be killed”

With no government to stop them, terrorists operated freely. They knew Abdullah had abandoned the state. They knew nobody would protect the Pandits.

This was the genocide’s opening act—made possible by Abdullah’s betrayal.

The Brutal Reality: Terrorist Cruelty

Calculated Ethnic Cleansing

Let’s be absolutely clear: This was not a “conflict.” This was ethnic cleansing.

Terrorists deliberately targeted Kashmiri Pandits to drive them out of Kashmir. Their strategy was systematic and cruel:

High-Profile Assassinations:

• Tika Lal Taploo (BJP leader) – Murdered September 1989
• Nilakanth Ganjoo (Retired Judge) – Murdered November 1989
• These weren’t accidents—they were messages

The Terror Campaign:

• Families received death threats at their homes
• Women and children were threatened with violence
• Properties were marked for destruction
• Lists of Pandits to be killed circulated openly

The Barbarity of the Terrorists

The violence wasn’t just about killing—it was about maximum cruelty:

Methods of Terror:

• Public executions to spread fear
• Torture before killing
• Threatening the families of victims
• Desecrating bodies
• Attacks on religious sites

Targeting the Innocent:

• Teachers were murdered
• Doctors were killed
• Government employees were assassinated
• Even social workers weren’t spared

These weren’t “freedom fighters.” These were terrorists executing ethnic cleansing.

No Justification Exists for This Genocide

Some try to provide context or reasons for the violence. There are no acceptable reasons.

Let’s reject these false narratives:

 

❌ “Kashmiri Pandits were agents of RSS and they were Informers ” – NO. Kashmiri Pandits were innocent people who were systematically driven out.

❌ “Jagmohan was responsible for the Kashmiri Pandits’ Exodus.  No, he wasn’t. Farooq Abdullah was, as he failed to address the growth of Terrorism in Kashmir.

❌ “It was part of a freedom struggle” – NO. Murdering minorities is terrorism, not freedom fighting.

❌ “Both sides suffered” – NO. Only one side was systematically ethnically cleansed from their homeland.

❌ “Historical grievances justified this” – NO. No grievance justifies genocide.

The terrorists who planned and executed this ethnic cleansing were criminals. Period.

The Human Cost

By mid-1990, the toll was devastating:

• 100’s of Kashmiri Pandits were killed.
• Hundreds more threatened and beaten
• Entire families traumatised
• A 5,000-year-old community was destroyed

Each number represents a real person:

• A father was murdered in front of his children
• A teacher was killed for educating students
• A grandmother who died of shock after threats
• Children who watched their homes being destroyed
• Women raped and killed

These were innocent people. They deserved protection. Abdullah abandoned them.

Abdullah’s Complete Failure as Chief Minister

He Had One Job: Protect All Citizens

As Chief Minister, Abdullah had clear responsibilities:

• Maintain law and order
• Protect all communities
• Command security forces
• Ensure government functions during a crisis

He failed at every single one.

The Chain of Failures

1. Was unable to stop Early Violence (1987-1989)

• Ignored warning signs
• Didn’t strengthen security
• Allowed terrorists to organise freely
• Showed no leadership

2. Failed During the Kidnapping Crisis (December 1989)

• Didn’t fight hard against the prisoner release
• Let the Central Government make disastrous decisions
• Watched as terrorists gained confidence
• Did nothing as his government lost credibility

3. Abandoned His Post (January 1990)

• Quit at the worst possible moment
• Left security forces without direction
• Created administrative chaos
• Directly enabled the genocide

His Ministers Were Equally Guilty

Abdullah’s entire Council of Ministers showed cowardice:

• They fled Srinagar for Jammu
• The occupied government bungalows, while citizens suffered
• Some allegedly made deals with terrorists
• None stayed to protect people

This wasn’t just one man’s failure—it was systemic cowardice.

The Exodus: 100,000 People Driven From Their Homeland

Three Months of Hell

Between January and March 1990, the Kashmiri Pandit community was destroyed:

• 90,000 to 100,000 people forced to flee
• Out of a total population of 120,000-140,000
• Families left with nothing but their lives
• Most never returned

This happened under Governor’s Rule after Abdullah’s resignation. But Abdullah created the conditions that made this possible.

Why Pandits Had No Choice

Kashmiri Pandits faced an impossible situation:

• No government protection
• Daily death threats
• Neighbours turning hostile
• Terrorists hunting them openly

They fled because staying meant death. They left their homes, their possessions, their heritage—everything.

This wasn’t voluntary migration. This was forced ethnic cleansing.

The Long-Term Destruction

The exodus didn’t just displace people, it destroyed a civilisation:

• 5,000 years of Kashmiri Pandit culture ended
• Ancient temples were vandalised or destroyed
• Sanskrit learning centres closed forever
• Community traditions died out
• Families scattered across India

Today’s generation of Kashmiri Pandits:

• Born in refugee camps
• Never saw their ancestral homeland
• Carry trauma across generations
• Lost their cultural identity

All because Abdullah chose politics over people.

Abdullah’s Pathetic Excuses

“I Opposed the Prisoner Release”

Abdullah now claims he opposed releasing terrorists in December 1989.

So what? If he really opposed it, why didn’t he:

• Resign in protest, then?
• Refuse to implement the decision?
• Fight harder publicly?
• Take a firm stand?

His post-facto complaints are worthless. He stayed in power when it benefited him.

“The Central Government Forced Me Out”

Abdullah claims he resigned because the Central Government imposed Jagmohan as Governor against his wishes.

This is a pathetic excuse:

• His personal rivalry with Jagmohan was well-known
• He put ego above duty
• He chose political protest over protecting citizens
• Innocent people paid with their lives for his ego

A true leader would have swallowed his pride and stayed to protect his people. Abdullah was not a true leader.

“Everyone Suffered, Not Just Pandits”

Recently, Abdullah called The Kashmir Files “propaganda”. He claims the tragedy affected “Hindus and Muslims alike.”

This is deflection and dishonesty:

• Yes, Muslims died in crackdowns later, and also were killed in Gaw Kadal.
• But Pandits were specifically targeted for ethnic cleansing
• Local Muslims weren’t driven from their homeland
• Muslims didn’t lose their entire civilisation
• The nature of suffering was completely different

Trying to equate the two is an insult to genocide victims.

“It Was Out of My Control”

Some defend Abdullah by saying the situation was too complex for any Chief Minister to handle.

This is false:

• He created the weakness through rigged elections
• He failed to build strong security structures
• He refused to take tough stands against terrorists
• And then he quit when things got hard

If the situation was beyond him, he should never have been Chief Minister.

The Timeline of Betrayal

1987: The Beginning of Failure

• Abdullah rigs elections
• Democracy dies in Kashmir
• Seeds of militancy planted
• His greed for power starts the crisis

1987-1989: Rising Terror

• Militants organise freely
• The government shows weakness
• Early targeted killings begin
• Abdullah does nothing effective

December 1989: The Breaking Point

• Terrorists kidnap Rubaiya Sayeed
• Government surrenders, releases militants
• Terrorists celebrate victory
• Abdullah’s government loses all credibility

January 18, 1990: The Abandonment

• Abdullah resigns in political protest
• The government collapses completely
• Security forces paralysed
• The genocide’s trigger is pulled

January 19-20, 1990: The Terror Night

• Terrorists broadcast threats freely
• No government to stop them
• Kashmiri Pandits realise they must flee
• The exodus begins

January-March 1990: The Ethnic Cleansing

• 100,000 Pandits driven out
• Ancient community destroyed
• Abdullah plays golf in London

Abdullah’s Permanent Legacy of Shame

He Will Always Be Remembered as the Man Who Abandoned Kashmir

No amount of political rehabilitation can erase what Abdullah did:

• He quit when Kashmir needed him most
• He put personal rivalry above duty
• He fled while citizens were murdered
• He enabled the ethnic cleansing of Kashmiri Pandits

His Actions Had Lasting Consequences

The exodus wasn’t just a 1990 event—it changed Kashmir forever:

• Governor’s Rule continued until 1996
• Local democracy was suspended for years
• Militarisation became permanent
• The Pandit community never recovered
• Hindu-Muslim relations were permanently damaged

All this can be traced back to Abdullah’s moment of cowardice.

He Never Took Responsibility

In all the years since 1990, Abdullah has:

• Never apologised to Kashmiri Pandits
• Never admitted his role in enabling the genocide
• Tried to rewrite history
• Called accurate films “propaganda”
• Minimised Pandit’s suffering

This is moral cowardice compounding political cowardice.

Lessons We Must Learn

Political Leaders Must Protect All Citizens

The most basic duty of any Chief Minister is to protect all communities:

• Never abandon your post during a crisis
• Put duty above personal rivalry
• Stand firm against terrorism
• Protect minorities especially

Abdullah violated every one of these principles.

Weakness Invites Terrorism

Abdullah’s failures show what happens when the government is weak:

• Rigged elections destroyed legitimacy
• Inability to enforce the law emboldened terrorists
• Surrendering to demands encouraged more violence
• Abandoning the office created chaos

Terrorists exploit every sign of weakness.

Minority Communities Need Special Protection

Kashmiri Pandits were only 3% of Kashmir’s population. This made them especially vulnerable:

• Small numbers meant targeted violence created mass panic
• They couldn’t defend themselves
• They needed strong government protection
• They got abandonment instead

Never Forget, Never Forgive Genocide

The 1990 ethnic cleansing must never be:

• Minimised as “both sides suffered”
• Justified with historical grievances
• Explained away as “complex situation”
• Forgotten in the name of “moving forward”

Genocide is genocide. Terrorism is terrorism. Cowardice is cowardice.

The Truth Must Be Told

This Was Genocide

The 1990 exodus was not:

• Migration
• Refugee crisis
• Unfortunate consequence of conflict
• Complicated situation with blame on both sides

It was deliberate ethnic cleansing executed by terrorists.

Abdullah Enabled It

Farooq Abdullah was not:

• A helpless bystander
• A victim of circumstances
• A leader who did his best
• Someone who faced an impossible situation

He was a coward who abandoned his duty and enabled genocide.

Terrorists Executed It

The militants who terrorised and murdered Kashmiri Pandits were not:

• Freedom fighters
• Revolutionaries
• Victims fighting back
• Products of oppression

They were terrorists who committed ethnic cleansing.

Justice Demands Accountability

To honour the victims and prevent future atrocities:

• Name Abdullah’s role clearly
• Call terrorism what it was
• Reject all attempts to justify or minimise
• Support the Kashmiri Pandits’ right of return
• Ensure this history is never forgotten

Final Verdict on Farooq Abdullah

Farooq Abdullah’s role in the 1990 Kashmiri Pandit genocide is clear:

What He Did:

1. Weakened Kashmir through election rigging (1987)
2. Failed to stop rising militancy (1987-1989)
3. Showed no leadership during the hostage crisis (December 1989)
4. Resigned and abandoned Kashmir at the worst moment (January 18, 1990)
5. Created the administrative vacuum that enabled ethnic cleansing
6. Fled to London while genocide occurred
7. Never took responsibility

His Guilt:

• Primary responsibility for administrative abandonment
• Direct enabler of the genocide
• Betrayer of his constitutional oath
• A coward who chose politics over people

His Legacy:

• 100,000 Kashmiri Pandits were driven from their homeland
• A 5,000-year-old culture was destroyed
• Permanent trauma for generations
• Blood on his hands that can never be washed away

History will judge Farooq Abdullah harshly—and rightfully so.

Stand With Kashmiri Pandits

Remember the Victims

• Every Kashmiri Pandit murdered by terrorists
• Every family is forced to flee their ancestral home
• Every child who grew up in refugee camps
• Every elder who died dreaming of a return

Demand Justice

• Recognition of the 1990 ethnic cleansing as genocide
• Accountability for enablers like Farooq Abdullah
• Prosecution of terrorists who committed murders
• Support for the Kashmiri Pandit right of return

Never Forget

The 1990 Kashmiri Pandit exodus was:

• Genocide executed by terrorists
• Enabled by Farooq Abdullah’s cowardice
• A permanent stain on India’s history
• A tragedy that must never be forgotten or minimised
  

  Frequently Asked Questions: Kashmiri Pandit Exodus of 1990

  General Questions

  What happened to the Kashmiri Pandits in 1990?

  In early 1990, between 100,000 and 150,000 Kashmiri Pandits were forced to flee their ancestral homeland in the Kashmir Valley within just three months. This mass displacement was the result of systematic ethnic cleansing carried out by terrorists who threatened, murdered, and terrorised the minority Hindu community until they had no choice but to leave.

  Who was Farooq Abdullah, and what was his role?

  Farooq Abdullah was the Chief Minister of Jammu and Kashmir from November 1986 to January 18, 1990. He resigned at the height of the crisis, abandoning his constitutional duty to protect all citizens. His resignation created an administrative vacuum that directly enabled the ethnic cleansing of Kashmiri Pandits.

  When did the Kashmiri Pandit exodus begin?

  The exodus primarily occurred between January and March 1990, with the night of January 19-20, 1990, being particularly significant when terrorists used loudspeakers to broadcast threats throughout the Valley, telling Pandits to “leave Kashmir or die.”

  How many Kashmiri Pandits were killed in 1990?

  Terrorists murdered hundreds of Kashmiri Pandits during this period. High-profile assassinations included BJP leader Tika Lal Taploo (September 1989) and retired Judge Nilakanth Ganjoo (November 1989). The violence targeted teachers, doctors, government employees, and innocent civilians.

  About Farooq Abdullah’s Actions

  Why did Farooq Abdullah resign as Chief Minister?

  Abdullah resigned on January 18, 1990, because he disagreed with the Central Government’s decision to appoint Jagmohan as Governor. He put his personal political rivalry above his duty to protect citizens during a critical crisis.

  Where was Farooq Abdullah during the exodus?

  After resigning, Abdullah fled to London, where he was reportedly playing golf while Kashmiri Pandit families were being terrorised and driven from their homes. This act of desertion remains one of the most shameful aspects of his legacy.

  Did Farooq Abdullah try to stop the violence?

  No. Abdullah’s government showed complete incompetence between 1987 and 1989 in stopping the rising militancy. When the crisis peaked, instead of staying to protect citizens, he resigned and abandoned the state, leaving security forces without leadership and civilians without protection.

  Has Farooq Abdullah apologised to Kashmiri Pandits?

  No. Abdullah has never apologized to Kashmiri Pandits or taken responsibility for his role in enabling the genocide. He has attempted to rewrite history and called accurate portrayals of events “propaganda.”

  Events Leading to the Exodus

  What were the 1987 elections, and why were they important?

  In 1987, Farooq Abdullah’s National Conference party rigged state elections to stay in power, forming a corrupt alliance with Congress. This electoral fraud destroyed democracy in Kashmir, causing young Kashmiris to lose faith in the system and some to turn to militancy out of frustration.

  What was the Rubaiya Sayeed kidnapping incident?

  In December 1989, terrorists kidnapped Rubaiya Sayeed, the daughter of Union Home Minister Mufti Mohammad Sayeed. The government surrendered to terrorist demands and released five dangerous militants. This catastrophic decision sent a clear message that terrorism works and emboldened militant groups.

  What happened on the night of January 19-20, 1990?

  After Abdullah’s resignation led to a government collapse, terrorists seized control and launched their final assault on the Kashmiri Pandit community. Loudspeakers blared threats throughout the Valley: “Leave Kashmir or die,” “Kashmir belongs to Muslims only,” and “Convert, flee, or be killed.”

  The Ethnic Cleansing

  Was this really ethnic cleansing or just migration?

  This was deliberate ethnic cleansing, not voluntary migration. Kashmiri Pandits were systematically targeted, threatened with death, and given no choice but to flee. The terrorism was calculated to drive them out of Kashmir permanently.

  What tactics did terrorists use against Kashmiri Pandits?

  Terrorists employed systematic terror tactics, including high-profile assassinations to spread fear, public executions, torture, threatening families with violence, circulating kill lists, desecrating bodies, attacking religious sites, and specifically targeting teachers, doctors, and government employees.

  How many Kashmiri Pandits lived in Kashmir before 1990?

  The total Kashmiri Pandit population in Kashmir was approximately 120,000-140,000. They represented about 3% of Kashmir’s population, making them especially vulnerable to targeted violence.

  What happened to the Kashmiri Pandit culture and heritage?

  The exodus destroyed 5,000 years of Kashmiri Pandit civilisation. Ancient temples were vandalised or destroyed, Sanskrit learning centres closed forever, community traditions died out, and families were scattered across India. Today’s generation of Kashmiri Pandits was born in refugee camps and never saw their ancestral homeland.

  Political and Administrative Failures

  What role did the 1987 rigged elections play?

  The rigged 1987 elections planted the seeds of insurgency by destroying democratic legitimacy in Kashmir. Young people who felt cheated by the system turned to militancy, and democratic institutions collapsed, creating the conditions for terrorism to flourish.

  Why didn’t Abdullah’s government stop the militancy earlier?

  Between 1987 and 1989, Abdullah’s government showed complete incompetence: they couldn’t stop rising militancy, failed to protect government officials, allowed terrorists to grow stronger, and showed no will to enforce law and order. Terrorists recognised this weakness and knew the government wouldn’t fight back.

  What happened to Abdullah’s ministers during the crisis?

  Abdullah’s entire Council of Ministers showed cowardice. They fled Srinagar for Jammu, occupied government bungalows while citizens suffered, and some allegedly made deals with terrorists. None stayed to protect the people.

  Aftermath and Legacy

  Did Kashmiri Pandits ever return to Kashmir?

  Most Kashmiri Pandits have never returned. The community remains scattered across India, primarily residing in Jammu, Delhi, and other major cities. The trauma of ethnic cleansing and lack of security guarantees have prevented their return.

  What was the long-term impact on Kashmir?

  Governor’s Rule continued until 1996, local democracy was suspended for years, militarisation became permanent, the Pandit community never recovered, and Hindu-Muslim relations were permanently damaged. The region’s secular character was fundamentally altered.

  How does Farooq Abdullah describe these events today?

  Abdullah has called films like The Kashmir Files “propaganda” and claims the tragedy affected “Hindus and Muslims alike,” attempting to deflect from the specific ethnic cleansing of Pandits. He has tried to minimise Pandit’s suffering and rewrite history.

  Historical Context

  How long had Kashmiri Pandits lived in Kashmir?

  Kashmiri Pandits had lived in Kashmir for over 5,000 years. They were the indigenous inhabitants of the Valley and custodians of Kashmir’s ancient Sanskrit and Hindu cultural heritage.

  Was this the first time Kashmiri Pandits faced persecution?

  While Kashmiri Pandits faced various challenges throughout history, the 1990 exodus was unprecedented in scale and represented the complete ethnic cleansing of the community from their ancestral homeland.

  What was the role of the Central Government?

  The Central Government made critical errors, particularly in surrendering to terrorist demands during the Rubaiya Sayeed kidnapping. However, the primary administrative failure occurred at the state level under the leadership of Chief Minister Farooq Abdullah.

  Seeking Justice

  Has anyone been held accountable for the genocide?

  Most terrorists who committed murders and ethnic cleansing have not been held accountable. Political leaders like Farooq Abdullah, who enabled the genocide through their cowardice and abandonment, have never faced consequences.

  What do Kashmiri Pandits want today?

  Kashmiri Pandits seek recognition of the 1990 exodus as genocide, accountability for enablers and perpetrators, prosecution of terrorists who committed murders, support for their right of return, and assurance that this history will never be forgotten or minimised.

  Why is it important to remember the Kashmiri Pandit exodus?

  Remembering the exodus is crucial to honour the victims, demand justice, prevent future atrocities, establish historical truth, and ensure that genocide is never minimised as “both sides suffered” or justified with historical grievances.

  Key Takeaways

  What lessons should be learned from 1990?

  Political leaders must protect all citizens regardless of personal rivalries, never abandon posts during crises, recognise that weakness invites terrorism, provide special protection to minority communities, and understand that surrendering to terrorist demands only encourages more violence.

  What is Farooq Abdullah’s historical legacy?

  Farooq Abdullah will be remembered as the Chief Minister who abandoned Kashmir at its most critical moment, enabled ethnic cleansing through cowardice, put personal political rivalry above citizen safety, and never took responsibility for his catastrophic failures. His actions had permanent consequences for Kashmir and the Kashmiri Pandit community.

References

1. Biography of Farooq Abdullah – Britannica
2. List of Chief Ministers of Jammu and Kashmir – Jagran Josh
3. Exodus of Kashmiri Hindus – Wikipedia
4. Behind the Kashmir Conflict – Human Rights Watch
5. Abdullah Led KPs to Mass Exodus – Early Times
6. The Exodus of Kashmiri Pandits – EFSAS
7. Mufti Sayeed’s Dark Hour – Hindustan Times
8. Abdullah on National Interest – Business Standard
9. Governor Jagmohan’s Rule – 101Reporters
10. Kashmir Conflict Timeline – University of Central Arkansas
11. A Kashmiri Pandit’s Reply – HinduPost
12. Understanding the Pandits of Kashmir – Pulitzer Centre
13. Abdullah on Kashmir Files – YouTube

This article tells the truth about the 1990 Kashmiri Pandit genocide. The victims deserve justice. The guilty must be held accountable. The history must never be forgotten.